In this supplemental materials document, we first present the references of the 114 journal articles of our field analysis in chronological order from 2000 to 2022. Second, we present the calculations used to construct the field graphs and the number of citations.
References (Populism articles)
Calculations
1. References (Populism articles)
The articles for the field of populism are in chronological order. Our field analysis is a representation of the state of discourse in communication studies between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2022. Thus, we included articles that were published "online first" but did not update their publication date after December 31, 2022.
Pre-field from 2000 to 2017 (29 Articles)
Aldridge, Meryl. “The Ties that Divide: Regional Press Campaigns, Community and Populism.” Media, Culture & Society 25, no. 4 (2003): 491–509. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437030254004
Bueno, Manuela, María Luisa Cárdenas, and Lola Esquivias. “The rise of the gossip press in Spain.” Journalism Studies 6, no.4 (2007): 621–633. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700701412100
Haas, Tanni. “Importing Journalistic Ideals and Practices? The Case of Public Journalism in Denmark.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 8, no. 4 (2003): 90–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X02251049
Chakravartty, Paula. “Telecom, National Development and the Indian State: A Postcolonial Critique.” Media, Culture & Society 26, no. 2 (2004): 227–249 https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443704041174
Clayman, Steven E. “Tribune of the people: Maintaining the legitimacy of aggressive journalism.” Media, Culture & Society 24, no. 2 (2002): 197–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/016344370202400203
Debrett, Mary. “Branding Documentary: New Zealand’s Minimalist Solution to Cultural Subsidy.” Media, Culture & Society 26, no. 1 (2004): 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443704038202
Goss, Brian Michael. “‘Jeffersonian Poetry’: An ideological analysis of George F. Will’s editorials (2002–2004)”. Journalism Studies 6, no. 4 (2005): 417–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700500250313
Greenfield, Cathy, and Peter Williams. “Financialization, finance rationality and the role of media in Australia.” Media, Culture & Society 29, no. 3 (2007): 415–433. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443707076183
McKnight, David. “The Sunday Times and Andrew Neil: The cultivation of market populism.” Journalism Studies 10, no. 6 (2009): 754–768. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700903119891
de la Torre, Carlos, and Catherine Conaghan. “The Hybrid Campaign. Tradition and Modernity in Ecuador´s 2006 Presindential Election.” International Journal of Press/Politics 14, no. 3 (2009): 335-352. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940161209334523
Harrington, Stephen. “Waking up with friends: Breakfast news, Sunrise and the ‘televisual sphere’.” Journalism Studies 11, no. 2 (2010): 175–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700903407395
Groshek, Jacob, and Jiska Engelbert. “Double differentiation in a cross-national comparison of populist political movements and online media uses in the United States and the Netherlands.” New Media & Society 15, no. 2 (2013): 183–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812450685
Krämer, Benjamin. “Media Populism: A Conceptual Clarification and Some Theses on its Effects: Media Populism.” Communication Theory 24, no. 1 (2014): 42–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12029
Landerer, Nino. “Opposing the Government but Governing the Audience?: Exploring the differential mediatization of parliamentary actors in Switzerland.” Journalism Studies 15, no. 3 (2014): 304–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.889466
Nilsson, Bo, and Eric Carlsson. “Swedish politicians and new media: Democracy, identity and populism in a digital discourse.” New Media & Society 16, no. 4 (2014): 655–671. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813487964
Peck, Reece. “‘You say rich, I say job creator’: how Fox News framed the Great Recession through the moral discourse of producerism.” Media, Culture & Society 36, no. 4 (2014): 526–535. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443714527565
Raisborough, Jayne, Marian Barnes, Flis Henwood, and Lizzie Ward. “Stretching middle age: the lessons and labours of active ageing in the makeover show.” Media, Culture & Society 36, no. 8 (2014): 1069–1083. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443714544997
Chadwick, Anadrew, and Jennifer Stromer-Galley. “Digital Media, Power, and Democracy in Parties and Election Campaigns: Party Decline or Party Renewal?” The International Journal of Press/Politics 21, no. 3 (2016): 283–293 https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161216646731
Holton, Avery E., Seth C. Lewis, and Mark Coddington. “Interacting with Audiences. Journalistic role conceptions, reciprocity, and perceptions about participation.” Journalism Studies 17, no. 7 (2016): 849–859. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1165139
Kelsey, Darren. “Hero Mythology and Right-Wing-Populism. A discourse-mythological case study of Nigel Farage in the Mail Online.” Journalism Studies 17, no. 8 (2016): 971–988. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2015.1023571
Müller, Philipp, Christian Schemer, Martin Wettstein, Anne Schulz, Dominique S. Wirz, Sven Engesser, and Werner Wirth. “The Polarizing Impact of News Coverage on Populist Attitudes in the Public: Evidence From a Panel Study in Four European Democracies: Polarizing News Effects on Populist Attitudes.” Journal of Communication 67, no. 6 (2017): 968–992. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12337
Hatakka, Niko. “When logics of party politics and online activism collide: The populist Finns Party’s identity under negotiation.” New Media & Society 19, no. 12 (2017): 2022–2038. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816660728
Harper, Tauel. “The big data public and its problems: Big data and the structural transformation of the public sphere.” New Media & Society 19, no. 9 (2017): 1424–1439. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816642167
Schmuck, Desirée, Jörg Matthes, and Frank Hendrik Paul. “Negative Stereotypical Portrayals of Muslims in Right-Wing Populist Campaigns: Perceived Discrimination, Social Identity Threats, and Hostility Among Young Muslim Adults: Effects of Right-Wing Populist Campaigns on Muslims.” Journal of Communication 67, no. 4 (2017): 610–634. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12313
Field of Western Populism Studies from 2018 to 2022 (86 Articles)
2018 (19 Articles)
Bobba, Giuliano, Cristina Cremonesi, Moreno Mancosu, and Antonella Seddone. “Populism and the Gender Gap: Comparing Digital Engagement with Populist and Non-populist Facebook Pages in France, Italy, and Spain.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 23, no. 4 (2018): 458–475. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218787046
Brookes, Stephanie. “What do we mean when we talk about populism? Local politics, global movements and ‘the people’ in political coverage of the 2016 Australian federal and United States presidential elections.” Media, Culture & Society 40, no. 8 (2018): 1252–1269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443718781987
de Vreese, Claes H., Frank Esser, Toril Aalberg, Carsten Reinemann, and James Stanyer. “Populism as an Expression of Political Communication Content and Style: A New Perspective.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 23, no. 4 (2018): 423–438. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218790035
Fuchs, Christian. “Authoritarian capitalism, authoritarian movements and authoritarian communication.” Media, Culture & Society 40, no. 5 (2018): 779–791. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443718772147
Gerbaudo, Paolo. “Social media and populism: An elective affinity?” Media, Culture & Society 40, no. 5 (2018): 745–753. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443718772192
Hameleers, Michael, Linda Bos, Nayla Fawzi, Carsten Reinemann, Ioannis Andreadis, Nicoleta Corbu, Christian Schemer, Anne Schulz, Tamir Shaefer, Toril Aalberg, Sofia Axelsson, Rosa Berganza, Cristina Cremonesi, Stefan Dahlberg, Claes H. de Vreese, Agnieszka Hess, Evangelina Kartsounidou, Dominika Kasprowicz, Jörg Matthes, et al.. “Start Spreading the News: A Comparative Experiment on the Effects of Populist Communication on Political Engagement in Sixteen European Countries.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 23, no. 4 (2018a): 517–538. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218786786
Hameleers, Michael, Linda Bos, and Claes H. de Vreese. “Selective Exposure to Populist Communication: How Attitudinal Congruence Drives the Effects of Populist Attributions of Blame.” Journal of Communication 68, no. 1 (2018b): 51–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqx001
Hughes, Sallie, and Mireya Márquez-Ramírez. “Local-Level Authoritarianism, Democratic Normative Aspirations, and Antipress Harassment: Predictors of Threats to Journalists in Mexico.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 23, no. 4 (2018): 539–560. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218786041
Krämer, Benjamin. “Populism, Media, and the Form of Society.” Communication Theory 28, no. 4 (2018): 444–465. https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qty017
Lee, Chin-Chuan, and Hongtao Li. “‘Media events’: first quarter of a century and the next.” Media, Culture & Society 40, no. 1 (2018): 127–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443717726008
Luengo, María. “Gender violence: the media, civil society, and the struggle for human rights in Argentina.” Media, Culture & Society 40, no. 3 (2018): 397–414. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443717713259
McDevitt, Michael, and Patrick Ferrucci. “Populism, Journalism, and the Limits of Reflexivity: The case of Donald J. Trump.” Journalism Studies 19, no. 4), (2018): 512–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1386586
McNair, Brian. “From Control to Chaos, and Back Again: Journalism and the politics of populist authoritarianism.” Journalism Studies 19, no. 4 (2018): 499–511. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1389297
Wahl-Jorgensen, Karin. “Media coverage of shifting emotional regimes: Donald Trump’s angry populism.” Media, Culture & Society 40, no. 5 (2018): 766–778. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443718772190
Wettstein, Martin, Frank Esser, Anne Schulz, Dominique S. Wirz, and Werner Wirth. “News Media as Gatekeepers, Critics, and Initiators of Populist Communication: How Journalists in Ten Countries Deal with the Populist Challenge.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 23, no. 4 (2018): 476–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218785979
Wirz, Dominique S., Martin Wettstein, Anne Schulz, Philipp Müller, Christian Schemer, Nicole Ernst, Frank Esser, and Werner Wirth. “The Effects of Right-Wing Populist Communication on Emotions and Cognitions toward Immigrants.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 23, no. 4 (2018): 496–516. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218788956
Zulianello, Mattia, Alessandro Albertini, and Diego Ceccobelli. “A Populist Zeitgeist ? The Communication Strategies of Western and Latin American Political Leaders on Facebook.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 23, no. 4 (2018): 439–457. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218783836
Blassnig, Sina, Nicole Ernst, Florin Büchel, Sven Engesser, and Frank Esser. “Populism in Online Election Coverage: Analyzing populist statements by politicians, journalists, and readers in three countries.” Journalism Studies 20, no. 8 (2019): 1110–1129. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1487802
de Jonge, Léonie. “The Populist Radical Right and the Media in the Benelux: Friend or Foe?” The International Journal of Press/Politics 24, no. 2 (2019): 189–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218821098
Ernst, Nicole, Frank Esser, Sina Blassnig, and Sven Engesser. “Favorable Opportunity Structures for Populist Communication: Comparing Different Types of Politicians and Issues in Social Media, Television and the Press.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 24, no. 2 (2019): 165–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218819430
Fawzi, Nayla. “Untrustworthy News and the Media as “Enemy of the People?” How a Populist Worldview Shapes Recipients’ Attitudes toward the Media.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 24, no. 2 (2019): 146–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218811981
Salter, Leon A. “Editorial Representations of the National Standards Education Policy: Populism, the journalistic identity and the citizen-consumer.” Journalism Studies 20, no. 7 (2019): 1050–1067. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1481349
2020 (21 Articles)
Baugut, Philip, and Katharina Neumann. “Online news media and propaganda influence on radicalized individuals: Findings from interviews with Islamist prisoners and former Islamists.” New Media & Society 22, no. 8 (2020): 1437–1461. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/1461444819879423
Boellstorff, Tom. “Om toleran Om: four Indonesian reflections on digital heterosexism.” Media, Culture & Society 42, no. 1 (2020): 7–24 https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443719884066
Boukes, Mark, and Michael Hameleers. “Shattering Populists’ Rhetoric with Satire at Elections Times: The Effect of Humorously Holding Populists Accountable for Their Lack of Solutions.” Journal of Communication 70, no. 4 (2020): 574–597. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaa020
Boulianne, Shelley, Karolina Koc-Michalska, and Bruce Bimber. “Right-wing populism, social media and echo chambers in Western democracies.” New Media & Society 22, no. 4 (2020): 683–699. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819893983
Bucy, Erik P., Jordan M. Foley, Josephina Lukito, Larissa Doroshenko, Dhavan V. Shah, Jon C. W. Pevehouse, and Chris Wells. “Performing populism: Trump’s transgressive debate style and the dynamics of Twitter response.” New Media & Society 22, no. 4 (2020): 634–658. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819893984
Fleuriet, Jill K., and Mari Castellano. “Media, place-making, and concept-metaphors: The US-Mexico border during the rise of Donald Trump.” Media, Culture & Society 42, no. 6 (2020): 880–897. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443719890539
Gil de Zúñiga, Homero, Karolina Koc Michalska, and Andrea Römmele. “Populism in the era of Twitter: How social media contextualized new insights into an old phenomenon.” New Media & Society 22, no. 4, (2020): 585–594. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819893978
Hameleers, Michael, and Rens Vliegenthart. “The Rise of a Populist Zeitgeist? A Content Analysis of Populist Media Coverage in Newspapers Published between 1990 and 2017.” Journalism Studies 21, no. 1 (2020): 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2019.1620114
Hokka, Jenni, and Matti Nelimarkka. “Affective economy of national-populist images: Investigating national and transnational online networks through visual big data.” New Media & Society 22, no. 5 (2020): 770–792. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819868686
Jacobs, Kristof, Linn Sandberg, and Niels Spierings. “Twitter and Facebook: Populists’ double-barreled gun?” New Media & Society 22, no. 4 (2020): 611–633. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819893991
Larsson, Anders Olof. “Right-wingers on the rise online: Insights from the 2018 Swedish elections.” New Media & Society 22, no. 12 (2020): 2108–2127. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819887700
Moe, Hallvard. “Distributed Readiness Citizenship: A Realistic, Normative Concept for Citizens’ Public Connection.” Communication Theory 30, no. 2, (2020): 205–225. https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtz016
Nygaard, Silje. “Boundary Work: Intermedia Agenda-Setting Between Right-Wing Alternative Media and Professional Journalism.” Journalism Studies 21, no. 6, (2020): 766–782. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2020.1722731
Roemmele, Andrea, and Rachel Gibson. “Scientific and subversive: The two faces of the fourth era of political campaigning.” New Media & Society 22, no. 4, (2020): 595–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819893979
Stier, Sebastian, Nora Kirkizh, Caterina Froio, and Ralph Schroeder. “Populist Attitudes and Selective Exposure to Online News: A Cross-Country Analysis Combining Web Tracking and Surveys.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 25, no. 3 (2020): 426–446. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161220907018
Strikovic, Edina, Toni G. van der Meer, Emma van der Goot, Linda Bos, and Rens Vliegenthart. “On Behalf of the People: The Use of Public Opinion and the Perception of “the People” in Political Communication Strategies of Dutch MPs.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 25, no. 1 (2020): 135–157. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161219864297
Tryon, Chuck. “Sinclair broadcasting as mini-media empire: Media regulation, disinfomercials, and the rise of Trumpism.” Media, Culture & Society 42, no. 7 (2020): 1377–1391. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720939425
Tuters, Marc, and Sal Hagen. “(((They))) rule: Memetic antagonism and nebulous othering on 4chan.” New Media & Society 22, no. 12 (2020): 2218–2237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819888746
Wells, Chris, Dhavan Shah, Josephina Lukito, Ayellet Pelled, Jon C. W. Pevehouse, and Jung Hwan Yang. “Trump, Twitter, and news media responsiveness: A media systems approach.” New Media & Society 22, no. 4, (2020): 659–682. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819893987
2021 (18 Articles)
Berti, Carlo. “Right-wing populism and the criminalization of sea-rescue NGOs: The ‘Sea-Watch 3’ case in Italy, and Matteo Salvini’s communication on Facebook.” Media, Culture & Society 43, no. 3 (2021): 532–550. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720957564
Berti, Carlo, and Enzo Loner. “Character assassination as a right-wing populist communication tactic on social media: The case of Matteo Salvini in Italy.” New Media & Society (2021): Online First. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211039222
Cassell, Kaitlen J. “The Populist Communication Strategy in Comparative Perspective.” The International Journal of Press/Politics (2021): Online First. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211055695
Chew, Matthew Ming-Tak, and Yi Wang. “How propagames work as a part of digital authoritarianism: an analysis of a popular Chinese propagame.” Media, Culture & Society 43, no.8 (2021): 1431–1448. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437211029846
de Nadal, Lluis. “Populism and plebiscitarianism 2.0: How Podemos used digital platforms for organization and decision-making.” New Media & Society (2021): Online First. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211038763
Dumitrescu, Delia, and Andrew R. N. Ross. “Embedding, quoting, or paraphrasing? Investigating the effects of political leaders’ tweets in online news articles: The case of Donald Trump.” New Media & Society 23, no. 8 (2021): 2279–2302. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820920881
Flew, Terry. “The Global Trust Deficit Disorder: A Communications Perspective on Trust in the Time of Global Pandemics.” Journal of Communication 71, no. 2 (2021): 163–186. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqab006
Hopster, Jeroen. “Mutual affordances: The dynamics between social media and populism.” Media, Culture & Society 43, no. 3 (2021): 551–560. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720957889
Larsson, Anders Olof. “The rise of Instagram as a tool for political communication: A longitudinal study of European political parties and their followers.” New Media & Society (2021): Online First. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211034158
Lawrence, Regina G., and Young Eun Moon. “‘We Aren’t Fake News’: The Information Politics of the 2018 #FreePress Editorial Campaign.” Journalism Studies 22, no. 2 (2021): 155–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2020.1831399
Mendonça, Ricardo F., and Renato Duarte Caetano. Populism as Parody: “The Visual Self-Presentation of Jair Bolsonaro on Instagram.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 26, no. 1 (2021): 210–235. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161220970118
Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska, Przemyslaw Wilk. “Casual, Colloquial, Commonsensical: A News Values Stylistic Analysis of a Populist Newsfeed.” Journalism Studies22, no. 6 (2021): 760–779. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2021.1913627
Müller, Philipp, and Ruben L. Bach. “Populist alternative news use and its role for elections: Web-tracking and survey evidence from two campaign periods.” New Media & Society (2021): Online First. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211032969
Poole, Elisabeth, Eva Haifa Giraud, and Ed de Quincey. “Tactical interventions in online hate speech: The case of #stopIslam.” New Media & Society 23, no. 6 (2021): 1415–1442. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820903319
Rae, Maria. “Hyperpartisan news: Rethinking the media for populist politics.” New Media & Society 23, no. 5 (2021): 1117–1132. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820910416
Ross, Andrew S., and Aditi Bhatia (2021). “‘Ruled Britannia’: Metaphorical Construction of the EU as Enemy in UKIP Campaign Posters.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 26, no. 1 (2021): 188–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161220935812
Siles, Ignacio, Erica Guevara, Larissa Tristán-Jiménez, Carolina Carazo. “Populism, Religion, and Social Media in Central America.” The International Journal of Press/Politics (2021): Online First. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211032884
Wells, Chris, Lewis A. Friedland, Ceri Hughes, Dhavan V. Shah, Jiyoun Suk, and Michael W. Wagner. “News Media Use, Talk Networks, and Anti-Elitism across Geographic Location: Evidence from Wisconsin.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 26, no. 2 (2021): 438–463. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161220985128
2022 (22 Articles)
Egelhofer, Jana Laura, Ming Boyer, Sophie Lecheler, and Loes Aaldering. “Populist attitudes and politicians’ disinformation accusations: effects on perceptions of media and politicians.” Journal of Communication 72, no. 6, (2022): 619–632. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac031
Erkmen, Özlem, Bora Ataman, and Barış Çoban. “Worsening Safety Conditions for Women Journalists in Turkey’s Alternative News Media.” Journalism Studies (2022): Online First. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2022.2139745
Gründl, Johann. “Populist ideas on social media: A dictionary-based measurement of populist communication.” New Media & Society 24, no. 6, (2022): 1481–1499. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820976970
Hatakka, Niko, and Juha Herkman: “Hegemonic meanings of populism: Populism as a signifier in legacy dailies of six countries 2000–2018.” Media, Culture & Society 44, no. 8 (2022): 1523-1540. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437221104680
Larsson, Anders Olof. “Picture-perfect populism: Tracing the rise of European populist parties on Facebook.” New Media & Society24, no. 1 (2022): 227–245. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820963777
Juarez Miro, Clara, and Benjamin Toff. “How Right-Wing Populists Engage with Cross-Cutting News on Online Message Boards: The Case of ForoCoches and Vox in Spain.” The International Journal of Press/Politics (2022): Online First. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211072696
Judge, Brian. “The birth of identity biopolitics: How social media serves antiliberal populism.” New Media & Society (2022) Online First. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221099587
Kissas, Angelos. “Populist everyday politics in the (mediatized) age of social media: The case of Instagram celebrity advocacy.” New Media & Society (2022): Online First. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221092006
Korstenbroek, Timo. “Rethinking the Public Sphere in an Age of Radical-Right Populism: A Case for Building an Empathetic Public Sphere.” Communication Theory 32, no. 1 (2022): 68–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtab005
Marwick, Alice E., and William Clyde Partin. “Constructing alternative facts: Populist expertise and the QAnon conspiracy.” New Media & Society (2022): Online First. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221090201
Macaraig, Ayee, and Michael Hameleers: “#DefendPressFreedom: Paradigm Repair, Role Perceptions and Filipino Journalists’ Counterstrategies to Anti-Media Populism and Delegitimizing Threats.” Journalism Studies (2022): Online First. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2022.2138949
Maurer, Marcus, Pablo Jost, Marlene Schaaf, Michael Sülflow, and Simon Kruschinski. “How right-wing populists instrumentalize news media: Deliberate provocations, scandalizing media coverage, and public awareness for the Alternative for Germany (AfD).” The International Journal of Press/Politics (2022): Online First. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211072692
Majeed, Tawseef. “Embedded authoritarianism: the politics of poor press freedom in Indian Kashmir.” Media, Culture & Society 44, no. 3 (2022): 613-624. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437211069973
Moffitt, Benjamin. “How Do Populists Visually Represent ‘The People’? A Systematic Comparative Visual Content Analysis of Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders’ Instagram Accounts.” The International Journal of Press/Politics (2022): Online First. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612221100418
Monteiro, Stephen. “‘Welcome to selfiestan’: identity and the networked gaze in Indian mobile media.” Media, Culture & Societ 42 no. 1 (2022): 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443719846610
Panievsky, Ayala. “The Strategic Bias: How Journalists Respond to Antimedia Populism.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 27, no. 4 (2022): 808–826. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211022656
Ragragio, Jefferson Lyndon D. “Mediatized Voices of Science: News Media Narratives of Science and Populism in the Philippines.” Journalism Studies 22, no. 7 (2022): 781-799 https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2022.2034521
Reveilhac, Maud, and Davide Morselli. “Populism in an Identity Framework. A Feedback Model.” Communication Theory 32, no. 1 (2022): 88–115, https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtab003
Rusche, Felix. “Few voices, strong echo: Measuring follower homogeneity of politicians’ Twitter accounts.” New Media & Society (2022): Online First. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221099860
Padovani, Cinzia. “Journalists’ Roles and the Ultra-Right: The Case of Italy.” Journalism Studies 23, no. 10 (2022): 1269-1290, DOI: 10.1080/1461670X.2022.2084142
Saunders, Robert A., Rhys Crilley, and Precious N. Chatterje-Doody. “ICYMI: RT and Youth-Oriented International Broadcasting as (Geo)Political Culture Jamming.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 27, no. 3 (2022): 696–717. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211072771
Smejkal, Klára, Jakub Macek, Lukáš Slavik, and Jan Šerek. “Just a “Mouthpiece of Biased Elites?” Populist Party Sympathizers and Trust in Czech Public Service Media.” The International Journal of Press/Politics (2022). Online First. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612221143067.
2. Calculations
Figure 1
The number of articles published per year on populism can be verified by the list of references above.
Figure 2
The list with 18 of the most mentioned actors, parties, movements and media associated with the rise of "populism", including the components of populist communication (de Vreese, 2018), can be verified with the attached PDF file "Populism 2018-2022". We counted the words through the search function.
Number of citations for authors
The total number of citations for Mazzoleni can be verified using the attached PDF file "Populism Studies 2000-2022". The number of citations for Chadwick & Stromer-Galley (2013) is best verified using "Stromer" or "Galley", as Chadwick also receives citations for other works. The other 20 studies from the pre-field that do not cite Mazzoleni receive no citations in all the journal articles examined from 2000 to 2022.
Number of citations for authors
The number of citations in the Field of Western Populism Studies for Engesser (118), Krämer (112), Esser (105), de Vreese (87), Aalberg (79), Reinemann (35), and Stanyer (18) can be verified in the attached PDF file "Field Populism 2018-2022" using the Word search function.
The results for the impact of the articles and the relationship between studies published in Anglo-Saxon (AS) and Continental European (EU) universities are based on the following calculations for each group of actors.
Critical Theory
Commercialization
Digitalization
Populist Style
Figure 5 (The Field of Western Populism Studies)
The following lists provide an overview and the calculations for the three actor groups field of power, heterodox and theorists in terms of year of publication, journal, impact, number of authors, country of university, funding and method.
Field of Power
Heterodox group
Theorists
Figure 6 (Habitus in the Field of Populism Studies)
To provide an overview of the results in Figure 5, we outline in the first step the three actor groups (field of power, heterodox, and theorists) and their subgroups with respect to the contextualized causes of populism in terms of publication year, journal, impact, number of authors, university country, funding, and method. In the second step, we summarize the total of subgroups to the contextualized causes of populism.
Step 1: Actor groups and its subgroups
Field of Power
Actor (Digitalization & Style)
Media (Commercialization)
Citizen (Style & Structure Data)
Heterodox
Digitalization + Style
Commercialization
Social Structure
Neoliberalism
Theorists
Digitalization + Style
Commercialization
Social Structure
Neoliberalism
Step 2: Aggregate subgroups with respect to contextualized causes of populism
Digitalization & Style: Field of Power, Heterodox & Theorists
Commercialization: Field of Power, Heterodox & Theorists
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC-BY-NC 4.0)
